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School problems

Clinicians should approach adolescents' school problems as health issues and consider diseases and neurological disorders in diagnosis, according to a review by Philadelphia researchers.

If a child has learning disorders affecting reading, writing and arithmetic, pediatricians might consider genetic factors or neuropsychological differences, the study suggested.

If language disorders are the problem, genetics and identified abnormalities in left hemispheric functioning could be the reason.

If a student has difficulty with executive functions, which have been linked by numerous researchers to the prefrontal cortex, check for frontal lobe lesions.

For those with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the most commonly studied neurobehavioral disorder according to genetic studies, a single gene may be responsible.